0.1、索引
https://blog.waterflow.link/articles/1663688140724
1、简介
单元测试是测试代码、组件和模块的单元函数。单元测试的目的是清除代码中的错误，增加代码的稳定性，在更改代码时提供正确性。单元测试是软件测试的第一级，然后是集成测试和 ui 测试。
2、编写测试代码
首先测试文件的命名必须以 _test.go 结尾，测试方法必须以 Test 开头
我们创建一个 testexample 项目，执行 go mod init 初始化项目。
然后创建一个 uri.go 的文件，里面的代码是我摘抄自 golang 的 amqp 包中的一段解析 ampq url 的代码，具体链接
package uri
import (
"errors"
"net"
"net/url"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
var errURIScheme = errors.New("AMQP scheme must be either 'amqp://' or 'amqps://'")
var errURIWhitespace = errors.New("URI must not contain whitespace")
var schemePorts = map[string]int{
"amqp": 5672,
"amqps": 5671,
}
var defaultURI = URI{
Scheme: "amqp",
Host: "localhost",
Port: 5672,
Username: "guest",
Password: "guest",
Vhost: "/",
}
// URI represents a parsed AMQP URI string.
type URI struct {
Scheme string
Host string
Port int
Username string
Password string
Vhost string
}
// ParseURI attempts to parse the given AMQP URI according to the spec.
// See http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html.
//
// Default values for the fields are:
//
// Scheme: amqp
// Host: localhost
// Port: 5672
// Username: guest
// Password: guest
// Vhost: /
//
func ParseURI(uri string) (URI, error) {
builder := defaultURI
// 如果链接中有空字符串，返回默认值和错误
if strings.Contains(uri, " ") {
return builder, errURIWhitespace
}
// 解析url为结构体，解析失败返回默认值和错误
u, err := url.Parse(uri)
if err != nil {
return builder, err
}
// 根据scheme获取默认端口
defaultPort, okScheme := schemePorts[u.Scheme]
if okScheme {
builder.Scheme = u.Scheme
} else {
// 获取不到就返回默认值和错误
return builder, errURIScheme
}
host := u.Hostname()
port := u.Port()
if host != "" {
builder.Host = host
}
if port != "" {
port32, err := strconv.ParseInt(port, 10, 32)
if err != nil {
// 解析出来的端口转整型失败，返回最新的URI和错误
return builder, err
}
builder.Port = int(port32)
} else {
builder.Port = defaultPort
}
if u.User != nil {
builder.Username = u.User.Username()
if password, ok := u.User.Password(); ok {
builder.Password = password
}
}
if u.Path != "" {
if strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "/") {
if u.Host == "" && strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "///") {
// net/url doesn't handle local context authorities and leaves that up
// to the scheme handler. In our case, we translate amqp:/// into the
// default host and whatever the vhost should be
if len(u.Path) > 3 {
builder.Vhost = u.Path[3:]
}
} else if len(u.Path) > 1 {
builder.Vhost = u.Path[1:]
}
} else {
builder.Vhost = u.Path
}
}
return builder, nil
}
func (uri URI) String() string {
authority, err := url.Parse("")
if err != nil {
return err.Error()
}
authority.Scheme = uri.Scheme
if uri.Username != defaultURI.Username || uri.Password != defaultURI.Password {
authority.User = url.User(uri.Username)
if uri.Password != defaultURI.Password {
authority.User = url.UserPassword(uri.Username, uri.Password)
}
}
authority.Host = net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port))
if defaultPort, found := schemePorts[uri.Scheme]; !found || defaultPort != uri.Port {
authority.Host = net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port))
} else {
// JoinHostPort() automatically add brackets to the host if it's
// an IPv6 address.
//
// If not port is specified, JoinHostPort() return an IP address in the
// form of "[::1]:", so we use TrimSuffix() to remove the extra ":".
authority.Host = strings.TrimSuffix(net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, ""), ":")
}
if uri.Vhost != defaultURI.Vhost {
// Make sure net/url does not double escape, e.g.
// "%2F" does not become "%252F".
authority.Path = uri.Vhost
authority.RawPath = url.QueryEscape(uri.Vhost)
} else {
authority.Path = "/"
}
return authority.String()
}
先不用考虑上面函数的复杂性，我们的目的很简单，就是要测试 ParseURI 函数。那如何测试呢？首先我们需要创建一个 uri_test.go 文件，一般和需要测试的 uri.go 在同一个目录下。其次文件的包名也需要和 uri.go 一致。
然后我们就可以编写测试函数了，上面说了测试函数需要以 Test 开头。
我们先写一个简单的测试函数：
package uri
import (
"testing"
)
// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
url string
username string
password string
host string
port int
vhost string
canon string
}
var uriTest = testURI{
url: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
username: "user",
password: "pass",
host: "host",
port: 10000,
vhost: "vhost",
canon: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
}
func TestUri(t *testing.T) {
u, err := ParseURI(uriTest.url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", uriTest.url, " err: ", err)
}
if uriTest.username != u.Username {
t.Error("For: ", uriTest.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", uriTest.username, " got: ", u.Username)
} else {
t.Log("For: ", uriTest.url, " usernames match. want: ", uriTest.username, " got: ", u.Username)
}
}
首先我们看到包名是 uri，然后我们定义了一个以 Test 开头的测试函数 TestUri。函数的入参就代表这是一个单元测试。
然后我们定义一个需要测试的 url 的结构 testURI，然后初始化结构体 uriTest。其中 uriTest.url 就是需要传入 ParseURI 的参数，另外的一些参数就是解析之后希望返回的结果。
可以看到上面有几个方法：
- t.Fatal，测试错误并退出
- t.Error，测试错误会继续往下执行
- t.Log，一般代表测试成功打印日志
3、运行测试代码
然后我们在命令行执行下这个测试函数：
go test -run TestUri
PASS
ok go-demo/testexample/uri 0.390s
从执行结果我们可以看到测试成功了，但是并没有打印成功的日志。这是因为我们需要加上一个参数，修改如下：
go test -v -run TestUri
=== RUN TestUri
uri_test.go:37: For: amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost usernames match. want: user got: user
--- PASS: TestUri (0.00s)
PASS
ok go-demo/testexample/uri 0.120s
可以看到测试成功的日志打印出来了。
-run 代表可以指定某个具体的测试函数执行，如果去掉的话也可以，会执行这个目录下所有的测试函数
4、表驱动测试
如果我们想执行一批测试代码，这个时候应该怎么写呢？很简单，我们只需要定义一个切片就行：
package uri
import (
"testing"
)
// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
url string
username string
password string
host string
port int
vhost string
canon string
}
var uriTests = []testURI{
{
url: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
username: "user",
password: "pass",
host: "host",
port: 10000,
vhost: "vhost",
canon: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
},
{
url: "amqp://",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://:@/",
username: "",
password: "",
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://:@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://user@",
username: "user",
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://user@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://user:pass@",
username: "user",
password: "pass",
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://user:pass@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://guest:pass@",
username: "guest",
password: "pass",
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://guest:pass@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://host",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://host/",
},
{
url: "amqp://:10000",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: 10000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://localhost:10000/",
},
{
url: "amqp:///vhost",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "vhost",
canon: "amqp://localhost/vhost",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://host/",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/%2F",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "/",
canon: "amqp://host/",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "//",
canon: "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "/slash/",
canon: "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
},
{
url: "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "192.168.1.1",
port: 1000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[::1]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "::1",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[::1]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[::1]:1000",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "::1",
port: 1000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[::1]:1000/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1%en0",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1",
port: 5671,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671/",
},
{
url: "amqps:///",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: schemePorts["amqps"],
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqps://localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqps://host:1000/",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: 1000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqps://host:1000/",
},
}
func TestURISpec(t *testing.T) {
for _, test := range uriTests {
u, err := ParseURI(test.url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", test.url, " err: ", err)
}
if test.username != u.Username {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", test.username, " got: ", u.Username)
}
if test.password != u.Password {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " passwords do not match. want: ", test.password, " got: ", u.Password)
}
if test.host != u.Host {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " hosts do not match. want: ", test.host, " got: ", u.Host)
}
if test.port != u.Port {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " ports do not match. want: ", test.port, " got: ", u.Port)
}
if test.vhost != u.Vhost {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " vhosts do not match. want: ", test.vhost, " got: ", u.Vhost)
}
if test.canon != u.String() {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " canonical string does not match. want: ", test.canon, " got: ", u.String())
}
}
}
uriTests 是我们定义的一个切片，只需要在测试函数中遍历以下即可。
5、测试覆盖率
测试覆盖率是应用程序中代码覆盖率的测量百分比。了解测试覆盖了多少代码很重要。通过这种方式，您可以看到代码的哪些部分您已经测试过，哪些部分我们没有测试过。
Go 的标准库提供了内置的测试覆盖来检查你的代码覆盖率。
我们修改下测试代码如下：
package uri
import (
"testing"
)
// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
url string
username string
password string
host string
port int
vhost string
canon string
}
var uriTests = []testURI{
{
url: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
username: "user",
password: "pass",
host: "host",
port: 10000,
vhost: "vhost",
canon: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
},
{
url: "amqp://",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://:@/",
username: "",
password: "",
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://:@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://user@",
username: "user",
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://user@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://user:pass@",
username: "user",
password: "pass",
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://user:pass@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://guest:pass@",
username: "guest",
password: "pass",
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://guest:pass@localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqp://host",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://host/",
},
{
url: "amqp://:10000",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: 10000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://localhost:10000/",
},
{
url: "amqp:///vhost",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "vhost",
canon: "amqp://localhost/vhost",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://host/",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/%2F",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "/",
canon: "amqp://host/",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "//",
canon: "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
},
{
url: "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: "/slash/",
canon: "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
},
{
url: "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "192.168.1.1",
port: 1000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[::1]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "::1",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[::1]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[::1]:1000",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "::1",
port: 1000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[::1]:1000/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1%en0",
port: defaultURI.Port,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]/",
},
{
url: "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "fe80::1",
port: 5671,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671/",
},
{
url: "amqps:///",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: defaultURI.Host,
port: schemePorts["amqps"],
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqps://localhost/",
},
{
url: "amqps://host:1000/",
username: defaultURI.Username,
password: defaultURI.Password,
host: "host",
port: 1000,
vhost: defaultURI.Vhost,
canon: "amqps://host:1000/",
},
}
func TestURISpec(t *testing.T) {
for _, test := range uriTests {
u, err := ParseURI(test.url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", test.url, " err: ", err)
}
if test.username != u.Username {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", test.username, " got: ", u.Username)
}
if test.password != u.Password {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " passwords do not match. want: ", test.password, " got: ", u.Password)
}
if test.host != u.Host {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " hosts do not match. want: ", test.host, " got: ", u.Host)
}
if test.port != u.Port {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " ports do not match. want: ", test.port, " got: ", u.Port)
}
if test.vhost != u.Vhost {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " vhosts do not match. want: ", test.vhost, " got: ", u.Vhost)
}
if test.canon != u.String() {
t.Error("For: ", test.url, " canonical string does not match. want: ", test.canon, " got: ", u.String())
}
}
}
func TestURIUnknownScheme(t *testing.T) {
if _, err := ParseURI("http://example.com/"); err == nil {
t.Fatal("Expected error when parsing non-amqp scheme")
}
}
func TestURIScheme(t *testing.T) {
if _, err := ParseURI("amqp://example.com/"); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected to parse amqp scheme, got %v", err)
}
if _, err := ParseURI("amqps://example.com/"); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected to parse amqps scheme, got %v", err)
}
}
func TestURIWhitespace(t *testing.T) {
if _, err := ParseURI("amqp://admin:PASSWORD@rabbitmq-service/ -http_port=8080"); err == nil {
t.Fatal("Expected to fail if URI contains whitespace")
}
}
func TestURIDefaults(t *testing.T) {
url := "amqp://"
uri, err := ParseURI(url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse")
}
if uri.String() != "amqp://localhost/" {
t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String())
}
}
func TestURIComplete(t *testing.T) {
url := "amqp://bob:dobbs@foo.bar:5678/private"
uri, err := ParseURI(url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse")
}
if uri.String() != url {
t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly want:", url, " got:", uri.String())
}
}
func TestURIDefaultPortAmqpNotIncluded(t *testing.T) {
url := "amqp://foo.bar:5672/"
uri, err := ParseURI(url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse")
}
if uri.String() != "amqp://foo.bar/" {
t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String())
}
}
func TestURIDefaultPortAmqp(t *testing.T) {
url := "amqp://foo.bar/"
uri, err := ParseURI(url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse")
}
if uri.Port != 5672 {
t.Fatal("Default port not correct for amqp, got:", uri.Port)
}
}
func TestURIDefaultPortAmqpsNotIncludedInString(t *testing.T) {
url := "amqps://foo.bar:5671/"
uri, err := ParseURI(url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse")
}
if uri.String() != "amqps://foo.bar/" {
t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String())
} else {
t.Logf("ParseURI(%s) execute success\n", url)
}
}
func TestURIDefaultPortAmqps(t *testing.T) {
url := "amqps://foo.bar/"
uri, err := ParseURI(url)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("Could not parse")
}
if uri.Port != 5671 {
t.Fatal("Default port not correct for amqps, got:", uri.Port)
}
}
然后执行：
go test -cover
PASS
coverage: 88.0% of statements
ok go-demo/testexample/uri 0.385s
可以看到测试通过，覆盖率是 88%。说明我们还有一些代码分支没有测试到，那我们如何去看这些没有覆盖到的代码分支呢？
很简单，还是 go test 命令：
go test -coverprofile=cover_out
PASS
coverage: 88.0% of statements
ok go-demo/testexample/uri 0.119s
执行完成后我们可以看到目录中多了 cover_out 文件
tree
.
├── cover_out
├── uri.go
└── uri_test.go
我们看下这个文件里能找到没有覆盖到的代码么？
mode: set
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:50.40,54.32 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:59.2,60.16 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:65.2,67.14 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:74.2,77.16 3 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:81.2,81.16 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:92.2,92.19 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:99.2,99.18 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:116.2,116.21 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:54.32,56.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:60.16,62.3 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:67.14,69.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:69.8,72.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:77.16,79.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:81.16,83.17 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:87.3,87.29 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:83.17,86.4 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:88.8,90.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:92.19,94.44 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:94.44,96.4 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:99.18,100.37 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:100.37,101.56 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:101.56,105.24 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:105.24,107.6 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:108.10,108.30 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:108.30,110.5 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:111.9,113.4 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:119.32,121.16 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:125.2,127.80 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:135.2,137.86 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:148.2,148.35 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:157.2,157.27 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:121.16,123.3 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:127.80,130.42 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:130.42,132.4 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:137.86,139.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:139.8,146.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:148.35,153.3 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:153.8,155.3 1 1
看的我是一脸懵逼，不过别着急我们可以把这个文件转成我们想要的 HTML 格式：
go tool cover -html=cover_out -o cover_out.html
看下目录中是不是多了个 HTML
tree
.
├── cover_out
├── cover_out.html
├── uri.go
└── uri_test.go
我们浏览器打开这个文件，会看到下面这个界面，不要太爽：
红色的就是代表我们测试没有覆盖到的。只需要丰富下测试代码，就可以做到 100% 覆盖了。这部分就由你自己完成吧。
6、基准测试
通过 Benchmarking，您可以衡量代码的性能并查看您对代码所做的更改的影响，从而优化您的源代码。
文件名必须以 Benchmark 前缀作为单元测试文件名约定。(BenchmarkSomething(*testing.B))
package uri
import (
"testing"
)
// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
url string
username string
password string
host string
port int
vhost string
canon string
}
var uriTest = testURI{
url: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
username: "user",
password: "pass",
host: "host",
port: 10000,
vhost: "vhost",
canon: "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
}
func BenchmarkUri(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
_, _ = ParseURI(uriTest.url)
}
}
- 基准函数必须带参数测试。B
- Benchmark 必须运行 N 次 testing.B 提供（N 是整数类型，从 Go 调整）
- 当提供 -bench 标志时，由“go test”命令执行。
- 该
-bench标志以正则表达式的形式接受其参数。
执行命令如下：
go test -bench=.
goos: darwin
goarch: amd64
pkg: go-demo/testexample/uri
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770HQ CPU @ 2.20GHz
BenchmarkUri-8 2041880 579.2 ns/op
PASS
ok go-demo/testexample/uri 2.075s
基准测试结果意味着基准测试通过。循环运行 2041880 次，每个循环速度为 579.2 纳秒。